Steam-heating system.



E. E. GOLD.

STEAM HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10, 1910.

Patented Dec.21, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

INVENTOR WITNESSES:

m @Mf COLUMBIA PLANOORAPH co wAst-lmmofi. D. c.

E. E. GOLD.

STEAM HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION men FEB. 10, mo.

1,164,806. Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR WITNESSES:

%(/@M/ I Allow/215,

COLUMBIA PLANOURAPH 120.. WASHINGTON, D. c.

E. E. GOLD.

STEAM HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10, 1910.

1,164,806. Patented Dec.21,1915.

v 5 SHEETS-SHEET 3- INVENTOR WITNESSES:

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH co., WASHINGTON, Dv c.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

INVENTOR v Aftomey Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

E. E. GOLD.

STEAM HEATING SYSTEM..

APPLICATION rmzn FEB. 10, 1910.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH (SO-,WASHINGTON. D. c.

WITNESSES:

E. E. GOLD.

STEAM HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10. 1910.

1,164,806. Patented Dec. 21,1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Fyl.

i? I w YE) INVENTOR Wgggg WlTNESSES:

By Aiomeys,

, Heating Systems, of which the following is located between the supplypipe and they l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD E. GOLD, OF NEW. YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO GOLD CAR HEATING &LIGHTING COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N.Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK,

STEAM-HEATING SYSTEM.

To all whom it may concern: 7

Be it known that I, EDWARD E. GOLD, a citizen of-the UnitedStates,residing in the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of NewYork, have invented certain new'an'd useful Improvements in Steamaspecification.

such systems for heating railway trains there are two important classes.In one, the steam is introduced into the radiator at train pipe pressureor at supplypipe pres sure reduced somewhat below that in the train pipeand is maintained or circulated in the radiator at such pressure, thedischarge end being normally substantially closed and the water ofcondensation being discharged intermittently by an automatic trap orcontinuously through a drip opening having a capacity just aboutsulficient to carry 01f the water without allowing the loss of anysubstantial quantity of steam. This is generally known as the pressuresys tem. Another system is the so-called vapor system in which theradiator is open to the atmosphere at its discharge end, so that thesteam in the radiator is at approximately atmospheric pressure; thewaste of steam being prevented by thermostatically limiting the supplyaccording to the rate of condensation, the thermostat which controls thesupply being located near the discharge end or at some other point inthe rear of the admission. There are varieties of these two systems suchas a vapor system which circulates also a quantity of air mixed with thesteam, and a return pipesystem (more commonly used indwellings than ontrains) which returns the water of condensation t the source of steam.

The present inventionprovides a system which is adapted to be convertedat will into a pressure system or into a system operating in effect likethe known vapor system, with a continuously open discharge end and arestricted admission.

An important feature is the use of means radiator for converting thesystem as desired. justing means is adapted to be set by hand Preferablythis converting or ad-.

, Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec, 21, 13315 Applicationfiled February 10, 1910. Serial No. 543,164.

in either one of two determined positions in oneof which the steam isadmitted at a higher pressure suchas supply pipe pressure, and-in theother of which the steam is admitted at a lower pressure, approximatelyatmospheric pressure. Preferably also the steam is admitted through oneor another of a plurality of passages in securing the respective modesof operation, the steam passing to a common admission point of theradiator. A third position of the ad- JLlStlHg means may be providedfor, in which position the steam is entirely out off.

The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the principal parts of the systemapplied to a railway car. Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view on a largerscale of the train pipe and admission pipes of the same system. Fig. 3is a cross section of the discharge end of the same system. Fig. 4 is ahorizontal section of the upper part of the admission valve of Figs. 1and 2. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of the pressure reducing valve ofFigs. 1 and 2. Figs. 6 and 7 are perspective views of the admissionpipes and adjacent parts of other systems embodying the invention. F 8is a horizontal section of a Valve of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a side elevationof the admission mechanism of another style. Fig. 10 is a perspectiveview of a regulating valve of the system shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is alongitudinal'section of the upper part of said valve. Fig. 12 is a viewsimilar to Fig. 9 of another style. Fig. 13 is a per-- spective view ofthe valve shown in Fig. 12. Fig. 14 is a sectional view of the samevalve. Fig. 15 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a train equipped withthe heating system shown in detail for a single car in Fig. 1.

Referring to the embodiments of the invention illustrated, the trainpipe A is provided with supply branches leading to radiators at oppositesides of the car, said branches being indicated at B each terminating inan upwardly extending pipe C which passes through the floor of the carand carries at its upper'end an angle valve indicated as a whole by theletter D and controlled from it run two supply pipes F and Gr leading tothe radiator which is shown as of a simple'type comprising an upper pipeH extending longitudinally along the side of the automatic trap O of thewell-known Gold type inwhich the escaping steam ex- 'pands a thermostatand closes the valve,- shuttingoff the escaperof-steam, whereupon thethermostat is cooled and contracts and opens the valve,allowing theescape of water .until'thesteam again commences to escape andre-closesthe valve. Opposite the branch leading to the thermostatic trapis a pres-- sure actuated tra or valve Pwhich is illus-' trated aso fthefarold gravity type. 5 A pressure of'afew pounds (say two tofive'pounds;

according to the design of the valve) presses the valve firmly againstits seat to' prevent .VVhen the pressure l the escape-of steam, fallsbelow this minimum, the valve automatically opens, lets'in air to breakany vacuum formed by the condensationof steam and allows the escape ofany-water which might otherwise be collected in the pipes.

The third outlet Q is a blow-off controlled by a hand valve R having astem lead'ingup to a point within the car. This is used for clearing outthe system of wateror dirtby permitting the passage of steam .underpressure through theientire system ofpiping- The admission of steam isso restricted,in order-Ito operate in effect like the known vaporsystemyeither in quantity orv in pres sure asnot to cause the closing ofthe pressure valve P at the discharge end, and thus to maintain thesteam at approximately at mospheric pressure. This restriction oftmsteam may be effected for example by means of the adjustable pressureregulating valve indicated as a whole at S. This isa valve provided witha spindle by the turningof which the'pressure of the steam admitted intothe radiatormay be determined. ,A simple form of it is shown inFig. 5.The

differential valve T has a spring U tending to holditto its seat and ispressed open'by ,a spring V bearing against a diaphragm-WV on the underface of which presses the steam at the, eductionside of the valve; sothat when the steam at the eduction side'reac'hes a determined pressureit releases thediffer ential valve and allowsthe latter to close- Thepressure which will be maintained upon the steam at theeduction side isdetermined by adjusting the force of the spring V by screwing down thestem X, a handle Y being pro vided. for this purpose and being providedwith a pointer at one side which moves over a scalefupon the outsidefaceof the casing whereon areindicated the pressures of steam correspondingto: the different positions in a .s'inglerevolution of the spindle.Supposing the pressure valve 7 P atthe discharge end of the system to bedesigned to open at any pressure less than twopounds, then the pressureregulating valve'S'atthe admissionend maybe set for two pounds andlockedor incased to prevent furthertamperingwith I f I it; Or it may bea. 'valve origi'nally designed withthe parts in positionto limit thepres- H sure to two pounds, and incapable ofIadjust ment'; In practicethe pressure-provided for at the admission end may be.;slightly.inl'excess of that at which the pressure valve at; thedischarge end opens, since a partof the; r pressure is lost in thepassage of-the steam :from' the admission to the discharge end.

When steam therefore is admitted through" the pipe Gr,-

the: pressure valve {and v pressure regulator being designed:.asiabove,-

the system will operate substantially as a" vapor system, Openalways tothe atmoscapes through the continuously open. drip pipes which aresometimes used with pres-v sure systems,

J If the steam is .to be used at supply pipe pressure, itispassedthrough the unrestrictpipe F to the radiator. 'The' passagethrough the pipe G may be 'c'losedor may be: left open under thesecircumstances without altering the operationof the; system. The steamunder pressure maintains the pressure-valve P closed andalso-closesltheithermostatic trap O, the latter opening at intervals to purge thesystem ofvwater of condensation. The blow-0E valve 1% is I closed,except ordinarily at the firstheatin'g:

of a car'when the blow-off is held open for it a short time to'cl'earout the system. I For directin pressure'pipe .or through the highpresthe steam through. the low sure pipe F variousvalve mechanisms may fbejempl'oyed. In Figs. land 2' the valve D is of a, type described andclaimed in my previous application No.:1533,249. The sec- .tional-viewof it in Fig. '2 illustrates it suffi'ciently'. It includes avalve-bodyZ having upper and loweryseating facesadapted to J engage the seats aand b respectively. When in its lowermost position engaging the seat I),the steam is cut off; When in itshighest position engaging the seat asteam is ad-i mitted only through the low pressure pipe G. When inan'intermediate position steam is admitted through the high pressurepipe F (and'incidentally intothe low pressure pipe). The handle of thisvalve is provided withapointer 0 which as shown in Fig. 4 passes over amarked portion of the outer casing and indicates whether the valve is 96I phere andwith little or no loss of steam,

not substantially more for example than esthe ordinary angle valve type,the pipes F and G being separated horizontally. Except for thedifferences noted this sytsem is the same as that shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 15 shows diagrammatically the arrangement of the apparatus for acomplete train. The locomotive and only two cars are shown, but it willbe understood that the radiating system will be required for each car,or for any cars,-of the complete train. The locomotive is indicated at2, the

tender at 3, and the passenger coaches at.

4. The train pipe A passes under the several cars between which it isconnected by couplings 5 of any usual or suitable type. The locomotivecarries a pipe 6, which forms a continuation of the train pipe and whichreceives steam from the boiler. In each car there is a radiatorindicated by the pipes H and J connected by the branches, shown morefully in Fig. 1, of the train pipe. Fig. 1 and the detailed viewscorresponding therewith show also'more fully the adjustable automaticpressure regulators, the separate discharge pipe for each of theradiators and the discharge valves adapted to close when the regulatorisset for a high pressure and to open when the regulator is setfor a lowpressure.

Instead of a restriction of the pressure at which the steam is admitted,by means of. a pressure regulating valve such as S, there may be arestriction of the quantity of steam admitted by means of any suitableobstruction introduced'in the passage. The opening through suchobstruction may be of fixed area, but preferably is adjustable, as forexample by means of a needle valve f (Figs. 7 and 8) which may take theplace of the two valves S and e of Fig. 6. A seat 9 on the inside ofthis valve has a very small opening in which moves a valve body it whichis reciprocated by a stem j passing through the end of the casing. Theadjustability of the area of this opening like the adjustability of theadmission pressure through the valve S of the previous figures permitsof adjusting the system to varying degrees of cold in the atmosphere.But a system providing substantially or approximately the requirementsfor most conditions of temperature may be secured with a fixed pressurerestriction or a fixed area restricttion. Where the restrictionadopted'is of the area or quantity of steam, a pressure regulating valveS (Fig. 7 may be provided between the train pipe A and theordinarycontrolling valves cl and 7, serving to prevent the admission of anexcessive pressure in any case. This valve S, like the valve S, may beset permanently for a determined pressure or may be regulatable. In anycase it limits the pressure of the supply to the radiator. With thissystem a pressure gauge his preferably used near the admission end ofthe radiator, and this will show at once when the system is closed atthe discharge end.

In Figs. 9 to 11 are shown apparatus in which the same result is securedby admitting the steam through a single passage, which passage isrestricted or unrestricted according as the system is to be convertedinto a non-pressure system or into a pressure system. In the mechanismof Fig. 9 two separate valves are required. In that of Fig. 12 a singlevalve is made to serve the several purposes.

Referring to Fig. 9, the vertical pipe C which passes up through thefloor of the car terminates in an ordinary cut-off valve Z and a singlepipe m conveys the steam to the radiator pipe H. A pressure regulatingvalve S is introduced into the pipe m and, instead of having a singlenormal position of adjustment as to its arm Y, it is rotatable to bringthe depending finger n against either one side or the other of the stop0 (Fig. 10). When turned to the right against the stop the system isadapted (the stop valve Z being open) to work as a pressure system, thesteam flowing without substantial restriction as to pressure from thesupply into the radiator. WVhen turned to the left against the stop, thepressure of steam admitted to the radiator is restricted in the mannerheretofore described inconnection with Figs. 1 and 5 so that the systemoperates in effect as a vapor system. Intermediate positions arepossible, restricting the pressure to intermediate points, but they willnot be necessary and will not be ordinarily used. To insure the desiredopening of the passage to full pressure and the restriction of it to adetermined minimum pressure, the regulator S may be constructed as shownin the sectional view, Fig. 11, with a pin 79 extending downward fromthe stem X and adapted when the handle Y is turned to the right to bearupon the washer 9 and the diaphragm WV and to force the valve open tothe desired extent as the finger n strikes the stop 0 at one side. WVhenthe handle is turned to bring the finger against the other side of thestop there is only the pressure of the spring V to hold the valve openand this is designed of'such strength that in the vapor position of thehandle the steam will be restricted to theminimum'pressure. Whenthesteam is is operated.

to be cut off entirely the. cut-off valve Z The cut-oif valve and theregulating valve ofFig: 9. are combined in'one in the regulator S- ofFig. 12. ln this case the main fstem'X" (Figs. 1,3, and 14) carries asecond stem a which is longitudinally adjustable therein and whichextends into thecasing in amanner similar to the pin p ofFig. 11.Inadditionto the other parts of the ap jparatus which are similar tothose in Fig. 11 there .isan additional spring 8 bearing (on the washer'(7 and diaphragm W andactuated by a collar ton the stemr. spring Vin-this construction is made-rela The tively- Weak compared .with'the'spring 8. By making this spring so weak as not to press the valve openagainst the closing pres-,

sure of the steam and the spring I] (Fig.

" this regulator serves the same purpose valve by only a few pounds soas to secure a vapor 'operat1on.-' In such a positlon the of pressuredesired. When the arm ,Y isas the two, devices of Fig. 9. Adjusting thestem X to approximately the position shown inrFig. 14 will give a slightpressure over-balancing the closing tendency, of the finger a willv bebrought against the stop nu (Fig. 13), the latter of which issa studscrewed into any one of aplurality ofthreaded holes o according to thelower. limit turned from this position to the left to bring I the fingernagainst the stop w, the collar treleases the spring 8 entirely and thevalve will stand shut continually. When thethird operation is required,that is to say, operai tion as a-pressure system, the adjusting stem 1"is screwed down gradually increasing to I any desiredlimit the pressureat which steam is admitted to the radiator or finally at the limit ofits downward movement pressingthe diaphragm down rigidly and of view), avalve Z or other stop valve besupply ,pipe pressure when its end engagesholding the admission valve open so as to secure full supply pipepressure. Or the valve of Figll may by a different 'selec a tion of thesprings be used for determining three critical positions (which thoughthey may. gradually pass into one another are nevertheless distinct froma practical point ing used in connection therewith for entirely cuttingoff the steam. In this case the springV will be of such strength as tosecure the operation of the system as a vapor system'when the stem X israised to its limit. 7 The spring 8 will be of such strengthastodetermine the operation of thepressure system at a pressure which isapproximately constant and somewhat below. that of'the supply, and thestem 1 will be used as beforefor opening the radiator to-full theWasherqand presses the latter downward.: ,Where as is common the trainpipe pressure varies from 40 'to 80 pounds a spring 8 might be usedwhich with the stem 1* in its desired position of adjustment and withthe handle Y turned to a suitable limited position will cause theoperation of the system as a pressure system under a limit ofsay 20pounds; and the'spring V might be arranged to .give'about two poundspressurepwith the arm Y turned in the opposite extreme position.

Preferably the pipes F and G of Fig. 1-,

and the equivalent pipes of the other figu incline downward slightlyfrom the-radiator to carry the water of condensation back into l thesupplyv pipe. The radiators referred to. may be of-any'type' and maysupply heat directly to the atmosphere or indirectly water or otherwise.Various other known. or suitable styles of-discharge trap or equivthrough an intermediate circulatingbody of i I alent mechanism maybeusedthan that, shown and various equivalent valves. Where the deviceswhich control the admission of steam: to the radiator have theirpositionsof adjustment accurately determined, the system may be operatedwithout use of a pressure gage, and especially where apressureregulating valve is used. Where a pressure gage is used as with themechanism of. Fig. 7, if the steam enters so fast as to close thedischarge trap and .create a. pressure within the system, the gage willshow this Yfact and theoperator can open the blow-off valve or shut theadmission valve, until the gage shows little orno pressure.

It will be understood that many of the advantages of the invention Iwill result from the operation of the systemat approximately atmosphericpressure whether operated with the discharge end continuously open to,the atmosphere or not. For

example the pressure may be maintained as I low; as five pounds at theentrancetothe radiator, and though the trap may .occa sionallyclose'yetthere will be no substancut-off position, the pipe Fmay be omitted,

thus using a single passage, substantially unrestricted for pressureoperation and re-.- stricted as to area or quantity of steam when set tothe. proper point for vapor operation. It is preferable, though notessential,to use tial diiferencein the amount'of steam con the pressureregulator S with such a system and also the steam gage 72' fordetermining how the system is working at any time, whether in effect asa vapor or as a pressure system.

Instead 0t relying upon the automatic opening of the pressure trap tosecure a vapor operation, the blow-off valve B may be manually openedand left open for that purpose. This may be done in the case of any ofthe supply mechanisms above referred to. By leaving the blow-off valveopen and admitting steam under accurately regulated restriction as toquantity or pressure, the radiator pipes may be kept continuouslysupplied with low pressure steam in just sufiicient quantity toapproximately make good the condensation. The needle valve f (Fig. 7 forexample, might be opened a suitable distance to maintain a minimumsupply.

I claim as my invention 1. A steam heating system including dualdischarge controlling means, automatic admission controlling meansdisconnected therefrom but ope'ratively related thereto and meansadapted to be set by hand in either of two-determined positions, one ofsaid positions causing the discharge of steam continuously atapproximately atmospheric pressure and the other causing the admissionand maintenance of steam in the radiator at a higher pressure.

2. A steam heating system including a radiator. a supply pipe,aplurality of passages being provided between said supply pipe and saidradiator. controlling means including a pressure reducing valve in oneof said passages for determining the pressure at which steam is admittedthere through, and including means in advance of said passages adaptedto admit steam from the supply pipe'to said passages and adapted, whileadmitting steam to the passage containing the pressure-reducing valve,to prevent the admission of steam to the other passage.

3. A steam heating system including a radiator, a supply pipe, aplurality of passages being provided between said supply pipe and saidradiator, a common admission valve for said passages, said valve havingtwo determined positions in one of which steam is admitted through oneof said passages and in the other of which steam is admitted through theother of said passages and means for restricting the admission of steamthrough one of said passages.

4. A steam heating system including a radiator having a single admissionport and a discharge port, means for closing said discharge port tomaintain pressure in the radiator and for purging the radiator of waterof condensation, a supply pipe, a plurality of passages being providedbetween said supply pipe and said admission port, controlling means forsaid plurality of passages including a pressure reducing valve in one ofsaid passages, and including means in advance of said passages adaptedto admit steam from the supply pipe to said passages and adapted, whileadmitting steam to the passage containing the pressure-reducing valve,to preventthe admission of steam to the other passage.

5. A steam heating system including a radiator, a supply pipe, aplurality of pipes between said supply pipe and said radiator. one ofsaid pipes providing an unrestricted passage, a pressure reducing valvein another of said pipes, means in advance of said plurality of pipesfor putting said sup? ply pipe into communication with said radiatorthrough said'passage containing the reducing valve alone or through saidunrestricted passage at will and for closing both said passages andpreventing communicationtherethrough, and means for maintaining thedischarge end' of the radiator normally closed to maintain supply pipepressure therein when the supply is unrestricted.

6. A steam heating system including a radiator having a discharge port,means for closing said discharge port to maintain pressure in theradiator and for purging the radiator of water of condensation, a supplypipe, a plurality of pipes between said supply pipe and said radiator,one of said pipes carrying a valve automatically controlled by thepressure in its pipe for restricting the passage of steam therethroughand the other providing an unrestricted passage, and

means for putting said sup ly pipe into communication with said radiatorthrough only said pipe carrying the pressure reducing means or'throughsaid pipe providing an. unrestricted passage.

7. A steam heating system including a radiator, a supply pipe, andpressure-controlling regulating means between said supply pipe and saidradiator for admitting steam unrestrictedly or restrictedly underautomatic control of the pressure on its eduction side or for cuttingoff the steam, at will.

8. A steam heating system including a radiator. a supply pipe, and valvemechanism between said supply pipe and said radiator comprisingpressure-reducing means and adapted to be set in position to admit steamunrestrictedly and to be set in position to admit'steam onlyrestrictedly under automatic control of the pressure on its eductionside.

' 9. A. steam heating system including a radiator, a supply pipe, andvalve mechanism between said supply pipe and said radiator comprisingpressure-reducing means and adapted to be set in three positions, oneadmitting steam unrestrictedly,

with a normally closed discharge end or' with a continuously opendischarge end, said mechanism including discharge-controlling means andmeans between the trainpipe and the radiator and disconnected from butoperatively related. to said dis-' charge-controlling means fordetermining in combination therewith whether the sys- ,tem shall operatewith the normally closed matically when the steam is admitted re-'str'ictedly and for: substantially closing the discharge automaticallywhen steam is ador with the continuously open discharge end.

1 1. A steamheating system including in combination a supply pipe, 'a'radiator, meanshetween' said supply pipe and said radiator adapted to beset in positions for restricting the'steam admitted to said radiator, oradmitting it unrestrictedly at will,-

said means including a pressure regulator, and means disconnected fromvthe pressure regulator for opening the discharge automit'ted withoutsuch'restriction. anda pressure gage communicating with theradiator. 1

'12.;A' steam heating system including'in G opiesof this patent maybeobtained for combination a supply pipe, a radiator,ad-' missioncontrohng means adapted to be set 'in positions vfor restr'1ct1ng"thesteam admitted to said radiatoror admitting it 1111- restrictedly atwill, means disconnected from but operatively related tosaid admissioncontrolling means for opening the discharge automatically when the steamis admitted restrictedly, and for substantially closing the dischargeautomatically when steam is admitted without such restriction,

and a pressure in said radiator. v c

13. A steam heating system for a'railway train',-including incombination a source of steam under comparatively high but varigage vshowing the pressure ablepressure, a train pipe, a pressure reducingvalve admitting steam at reduced pressure from said source to said trainpipe, radiating pipes 1n the separate cars con-- nected to successivepointsoit the train pipe,

means for controlling the pressure and admission of steam into theradiating'pipes of 7 each car. separatel and means for opening saidradiating pipes near their discharge end automatically when the"pressure of steam falls below a determined minimum within therange ofpressuresdetermined by said controlling means.

'14. A steam heatingsystem" including a radiator, means for admittingsteam thereto automaticallyv controlled. b the'stea'm at the admissionend of the-radiator, non-afutomatic means for admitting steam thereto,and means for automat cally providing a free discharge from-saidradiator when said automatically controlled meansis operative.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name-in the presencescribingw'itnesses. x 7; i I I .EDVVARD E.- GOLD. -Witn'esses: T Y

D. ANTHONY UsI-NA,

FRED WHITE;

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washingt ngy. I g I of two sub-

